Cultural origin

Yunnan snub nosed monkey National Park is located in the south of Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve and Baima Snow Mountain reserve. Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve is located in Deqin and Weixi counties of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the northwest of Yunnan Province. Its geographical location is between 27 ° 24 '- 28 ° 35 ′ n and 98 ° 55' - 99 ° 24 ′ e. the nature reserve is of wildlife type District, with a total area of 281640 hectares. Located in the Hengduan Mountains in Western China, Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve is one of the areas with the richest biodiversity in the world, and one of the hot spots in biodiversity protection and ecological environment construction in the world. It is an important habitat for the rare and endangered species and national first-class protected animals of Yunnan snub nosed monkey. It is the core area of "Three Parallel Rivers" world natural heritage Shangri la is a beautiful business card. The landform of the reserve is very complex, which is quite different from that of other areas. The terrain of the reserve is high in the north and low in the south. It is located in the transitional contact zone from the Qinghai Tibet Plateau to the Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. The natural geographical environment and biological resources of the reserve are very rich, and the transition color is very obvious. Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve is the largest Yunnan snub nosed monkey National Nature Reserve in China. The main protected objects are alpine coniferous forest, mountain vegetation vertical zone natural landscape and Yunnan snub nosed monkey.

Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve is an original coniferous forest area with relatively complete biodiversity preservation in low latitude and high altitude areas of China. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south, with a north-south trend. The geological structure is very complex. It belongs to the landform of high mountains and deep valleys. The highest altitude is 5429 meters, the lowest altitude is 1950 meters, and there are 27 snow peaks above 5000 meters. Due to its special geographical location and natural conditions, the reserve is characterized by rich vegetation types, diverse habitat types, north-south penetration of flora and fauna, high species diversity and many endemic species. It is one of the 200 hot spots of biodiversity conservation in the world and one of the most abundant biodiversity reserves in China.

The vertical distribution of plants in the reserve is abnormal, forming a spectacular vertical belt spectrum, which can be divided into 7 vegetation belts, 11 vegetation subtypes and 37 formations. From the Jinshajiang River Valley to the main peak of Baima Snow Mountain, the relative height difference is 3479 meters. The vertical distribution of vegetation types includes Valley shrub belt, warm temperate coniferous forest belt, warm and cool coniferous forest belt, cold temperate coniferous forest belt, subalpine shrub meadow zone, alpine rocky beach sparse vegetation zone, and alpine ice and snow zone.

According to the preliminary investigation, there are 1703 species of seed plants in the reserve, including 29 species of gymnosperms belonging to 15 genera and 6 families, and 1674 species of angiosperms belonging to 565 genera and 135 families. There are 4 species of national first-class protected plants in the reserve, including Pteris yulongensis, monophyllous grass, Taxus yunnanensis and Davidia involucrata; 10 national second-class protected plants are Tricholoma matsutake, Cordyceps sinensis, Picea asperata, Taxodium Lancang, Torreya yunnanensis, shuiqingshu and jintiesuo.

There are 98 species of wild mammals in the reserve, including 9 orders, 24 families, 69 genera; there are 237 species of birds and 9 subspecies belonging to 16 orders and 42 families, including 178 species and subspecies of resident birds, 32 species and subspecies of migratory birds and winter migrants, and 35 species and subspecies of summer and breeding birds. There are 15 species of Yunnan snub nosed monkey, snow leopard, leopard, clouded leopard, forest musk deer, Alpine Musk Deer, black stork, Golden Eagle, Hu vulture and so on. There are 36 species of national second-class protected wild animals, including macaque, pangolin, black bear, brown bear, little panda, big Lingmao, golden cat, gorilla, alpine vulture, pale bellied snow cock, blood pheasant, red bellied pheasant, Tibetan pheasant, white bellied Caragana

Yunnan snub nosed monkey (snub nosed monkey) is the flagship species in Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and the most human like creature in the world. It is one of the most beautiful animals in the world. It is one of the national first-class protected wild animals. It is only distributed in the Yunling mountains of Hengduan Mountain System in the southern edge of Himalayas. It is only distributed in a small area between Lancang River and Jinsha River. It covers an area of about 20000 square kilometers in China's low latitude and high altitude area. It is well preserved in the original Alpine dark coniferous forest. At present, there are 16 populations in the world, about 2000. There are about 1500 individuals in 8 populations in Baima Snow Mountain reserve, accounting for 70% of the total.

The reserve and surrounding communities involve 13 townships (towns), 48 administrative villages (offices), 14849 households and 73042 people. Among them, there are 5 townships (towns), 13 administrative villages (offices), 1768 households and 9584 people. The residents are mainly Tibetans and Lisu, and the others are Naxi, Yi, Bai, Dulong and Pumi. The nature reserve is located in a multi-ethnic and multi religious area, with ancient, magical and broad features. With rich connotation, long history and unique human resources, it is a rare gathering area of multi-ethnic, multi language, multi language, multi religious beliefs, unique style, different tastes and different customs and habits. With a long history and cultural heritage, countless colorful ethnic literature and art, music and dance have been formed.

More than 99% of the local community people believe in religion. Tibetan Buddhism advocates not killing or harming living creatures, and protecting sacred mountains, lakes and water resources forests. Tibetan Buddhism plays an important role in biodiversity conservation in this area, especially the living Buddha preaches the ethics of "harmony of man and nature" and upholds nature Nursing work played a positive role in promoting. All ethnic groups here have created their own unique ecological protection culture. People and nature are in the same space, realizing interdependence and adaptation. Excellent national traditional culture plays an important role in the protection of biodiversity in this area.

In 1983, it was approved by Yunnan provincial government to establish Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve; in 1988, Baima Snow Mountain was promoted to National Nature Reserve; in 2000, it was approved by the State Council to expand the nature reserve; In October 2003, with the approval of the State Party committee, the administrative bureau directly under the state government was established in Shangri La, which has jurisdiction over Deqin and Weixi sub bureaus and six management offices of xiaruo, benzilan, yeri, Tacheng, Kangpu and Badi, and implemented vertical management of personnel in the two sub bureaus. In 2017, the reserve was renamed management and Protection Bureau. Its internal organization was set up as four functional sections (offices), including office, resource protection section, science popularization and education section, and foreign exchange and cooperation management office. Two management branches were assigned to Deqin and Weixi, four management stations under Deqin management and protection branch, and three management stations under Weixi management and protection branch. It has set up three institutions: Ecological Research Institute, ecotourism management station and quzonggong ecological positioning monitoring station.

Through more than 30 years' efforts, the reserve has made hard won good achievements in resource protection and management, community co management, science popularization and education, scientific research and monitoring, and has been fully affirmed by the higher authorities. In 2006, our district was identified as one of the first batch of national demonstration nature reserves by the State Forestry Administration; in 2011, the nature reserve management performance evaluation jointly organized by the seven national ministries (committees and bureaus) led by the Ministry of environmental protection ranked first in the province, and was rated as "excellent" management unit; in 2013, the nature reserve was awarded the honorary title of "national advanced collective" by the Ministry of environmental protection and other central seven ministries (committees). From 2014 to 2018, it was recognized as an "excellent" unit in the comprehensive objective inspection and assessment of the state government for five consecutive years.

Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve belongs to the type of cold temperate forest ecosystem. It is a relatively complete and original Alpine coniferous forest area in China with low latitude and high altitude. According to the division of vegetation flora in China, it belongs to the East Himalayan forest plant subregion and Hengduan Mountain area, which is the most abundant area of alpine plants in the world. There are 1747 species (including subspecies, forms and varieties) of 587 genera and 142 families of seed plants in the reserve. Among them, 29 species belong to 14 genera and 6 families of gymnosperms, and 1718 species belong to 573 genera and 136 families of angiosperms.

There are 24 species of national key protected rare plants in the reserve, including 4 first-class protected plants, 9 second-class protected plants, 11 third-class protected plants, and 6 provincial-level key protected plants. Among them, there are 2 species of secondary protected plants and 4 species of tertiary protected plants.

There are many families, genera and species of flora in the reserve, including almost all the woody genera distributed in temperate zone of the world, such as Abies, spruce, pine, Acer, birch, oak, Rhododendron, etc. There are 6 species (including varieties) of Abies, such as Abies longibracteata, Abies fastigiata, Abies cangshanensis, Abies yunnanensis, Abies yunnanensis and Abies zhongdianensis. It is rare for them to gather together in a reserve. 47 species of Rhododendron are known to be distributed in the nature reserve, among which 36 species are endemic to Hengduan Mountain, and 15 species are of model origin in and near the reserve.

There are 30 species of national and provincial protected plants, belonging to 20 families. Among them, there are 1 family and 1 species of pteridophytes, 6 species of gymnosperms and 23 species of angiosperms in 16 families. There are 724 species of ornamental plants belonging to 223 genera and 81 families. Among them, there are 20 species of pteridophytes belonging to 11 genera and 7 families, 28 species of gymnosperms belonging to 15 genera and 5 families, and 568 species of seed plants belonging to 154 genera and 69 families. There are 386 species of medicinal plants belonging to 242 genera and 110 families. There are 7 species of fungi, 6 genera and 7 species of fungi, 2 families, 2 genera and 2 species of lichens, 2 families, 2 genera and 2 species of bryophytes, 8 species of 8 genera and 6 families of ferns, and 367 species of seed plants belonging to 224 genera of 95 families. There are also oil plants, starch plants, timber tree species, spice plants, fiber plants, tanning plants and other plant resources closely related to human life.